_
RobertoLofaro.com - Knowledge Portal - human-generated content
Change, with and without technology
for updates on publications, follow @robertolofaro on Instagram or @changerulebook on Twitter, you can also support on Patreon or subscribe on YouTube


_

You are now here: AI Ethics Primer - search within the bibliography - version 0.4 of 2023-12-13 > (tag cloud) >tag_selected: region


Currently searching for:

if you need more than one keyword, modify and separate by underscore _
the list of search keywords can be up to 50 characters long


if you modify the keywords, press enter within the field to confirm the new search key

Tag: region

Bibliography items where occurs: 185
The AI Index 2022 Annual Report / 2205.03468 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.03468 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Report highlights
Chapter 1 Reseach and Development
Chapter 3 Technical AI Ethics
Chapter 4 The Economy and Education
Chapter 5 AI Policy and Governance
Appendix


Exciting, Useful, Worrying, Futuristic: Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence in 8 Countries / 2001.00081 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2001.00081 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Methodology
4 Findings


A Framework for Ethical AI at the United Nations / 2104.12547 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2104.12547 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Introductionn
2. Defining ethical AI
Conclusion


Worldwide AI Ethics: a review of 200 guidelines and recommendations for AI governance / 2206.11922 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.11922 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Related Work
3 Methodology
4 Results
5 Discussion


ESR: Ethics and Society Review of Artificial Intelligence Research / 2106.11521 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2106.11521 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 The ESR Process


On the Current and Emerging Challenges of Developing Fair and Ethical AI Solutions in Financial Services / 2111.01306 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2111.01306 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Practical Challengesof Ethical AI


What does it mean to be a responsible AI practitioner: An ontology of roles and skills / 2205.03946 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2205.03946 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Methodology


QB4AIRA: A Question Bank for AI Risk Assessment / 2305.09300 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.09300 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction


From OECD to India: Exploring cross-cultural differences in perceived trust, responsibility and reliance of AI and human experts / 2307.15452 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2307.15452 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1. Introduction


Dual Governance: The intersection of centralized regulation and crowdsourced safety mechanisms for Generative AI / 2308.04448 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.04448 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction


A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validation / 2305.11391 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.11391 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6 Verification


Artificial Intelligence across Europe: A Study on Awareness, Attitude and Trust / 2308.09979 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.09979 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction
4 Conclusions
References


Targeted Data Augmentation for bias mitigation / 2308.11386 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.11386 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Related works
References


Collect, Measure, Repeat: Reliability Factors for Responsible AI Data Collection / 2308.12885 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.12885 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Results
6 Discussion


Rethinking Machine Ethics -- Can LLMs Perform Moral Reasoning through the Lens of Moral Theories? / 2308.15399 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.15399 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Acknowledgments


Ethical Framework for Harnessing the Power of AI in Healthcare and Beyond / 2309.00064 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.00064 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Black box and lack of transparency
3 Bias and fairness
5 Ethical concerns and value alignment


The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Evolution of Digital Education: A Comparative Study of OpenAI Text Generation Tools including ChatGPT, Bing Chat, Bard, and Ernie / 2309.02029 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.02029 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


FUTURE-AI: Guiding Principles and Consensus Recommendations for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging / 2109.09658 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2109.09658 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6. Robustness - For Reliable AI in Medical Imaging
7. Explainability - For Enhanced Understanding of AI in Medical Imaging


EALM: Introducing Multidimensional Ethical Alignment in Conversational Information Retrieval / 2310.00970 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.00970 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Abstract


Security Considerations in AI-Robotics: A Survey of Current Methods, Challenges, and Opportunities / 2310.08565 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.08565 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


A Survey of Large Language Models for Healthcare: from Data, Technology, and Applications to Accountability and Ethics / 2310.05694 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.05694 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
II. WHAT LLM S CAN DO FOR HEALTHCARE ? FROM FUNDAMENTAL TASKS TO ADVANCED APPLICATIONS
VII. FUTURE WORK AND CONCLUSION


STREAM: Social data and knowledge collective intelligence platform for TRaining Ethical AI Models / 2310.05563 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.05563 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 STREAM: Social data and knowledge collective intelligence platform for TRaining Ethical AI Models
4 Conclusion and Future Work


Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction Industry / 2310.05414 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.05414 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


Compromise in Multilateral Negotiations and the Global Regulation of Artificial Intelligence / 2309.17158 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.17158 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1. Introduction
Bibliography


Risk of AI in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Study Framework / 2309.14530 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.14530 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4. Technical Risks


Autonomous Vehicles an overview on system, cyber security, risks, issues, and a way forward / 2309.14213 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.14213 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
7. Issues


In Consideration of Indigenous Data Sovereignty: Data Mining as a Colonial Practice / 2309.10215 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.10215 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
References


A Conceptual Algorithm for Applying Ethical Principles of AI to Medical Practice / 2304.11530 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.11530 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction


Responsible AI Pattern Catalogue: A Collection of Best Practices for AI Governance and Engineering / 2209.04963 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.04963 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Process Patterns
5 Product Patterns


FUTURE-AI: International consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare / 2309.12325 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.12325 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS


Language Agents for Detecting Implicit Stereotypes in Text-to-Image Models at Scale / 2310.11778 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.11778 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Appendix B Experiment Details


Specific versus General Principles for Constitutional AI / 2310.13798 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.13798 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Reinforcement Learning with Good-for-Humanity Preference Models


Systematic AI Approach for AGI: Addressing Alignment, Energy, and AGI Grand Challenges / 2310.15274 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.15274 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Trifecta of AI Challenges
3 Systematic AI Approach for AGI
5 System Design for AI Alignment
6 System Insights from the Brain
References


A Comprehensive Review of AI-enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Trends, Vision , and Challenges / 2310.16360 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.16360 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
I. Introduction
IV. Artificial Intelligence Embedded UAV


Unpacking the Ethical Value Alignment in Big Models / 2310.17551 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.17551 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Investigating the Ethical Values of Large Language Models


Unlocking the Potential of ChatGPT: A Comprehensive Exploration of its Applications, Advantages, Limitations, and Future Directions in Natural Language Processing / 2304.02017 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.02017 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Advantages of ChatGPT in natural language processing


Synergizing Human-AI Agency: A Guide of 23 Heuristics for Service Co-Creation with LLM-Based Agents / 2310.15065 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.15065 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Discussion


Prudent Silence or Foolish Babble? Examining Large Language Models' Responses to the Unknown / 2311.09731 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.09731 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 UnknownBench: Evaluating LLMs on the Unknown
F NEC Question Generation Template


Revolutionizing Customer Interactions: Insights and Challenges in Deploying ChatGPT and Generative Chatbots for FAQs / 2311.09976 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.09976 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3. Chatbot approaches overview: Taxonomy of existing methods
4. ChatGPT


Large Language Models in Education: Vision and Opportunities / 2311.13160 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.13160 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
II. Education and LLMS
VI. Challenges and future directions


Potential Societal Biases of ChatGPT in Higher Education: A Scoping Review / 2311.14381 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.14381 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
FINDINGS


RAISE -- Radiology AI Safety, an End-to-end lifecycle approach / 2311.14570 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.14570 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2. Pre-Deployment phase
4. Post-market surveillance phase


Ethics and Responsible AI Deployment / 2311.14705 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2311.14705 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4. Addressing bias, transparency, and accountability


Intelligence Primer / 2008.07324 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2008.07324 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
10 Exceeding human intelligence


Ethical Considerations Towards Protestware / 2306.10019 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2306.10019 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
II. Background


Control Risk for Potential Misuse of Artificial Intelligence in Science / 2312.06632 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.06632 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Appendix B Details of Risks Demonstration in Chemical Science


Disentangling Perceptions of Offensiveness: Cultural and Moral Correlates / 2312.06861 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.06861 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Abstract
...
Data Collection
Study 1: Geo-cultural Differences in Offensiveness
Study 2: Moral Foundations of Offensiveness
Study 3: Implications for Responsible AI
General Discussion
Geo-Cultural Factors
Moral Factors
A Appendix


Investigating Responsible AI for Scientific Research: An Empirical Study / 2312.09561 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.09561 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. Research methodology


Improving Task Instructions for Data Annotators: How Clear Rules and Higher Pay Increase Performance in Data Annotation in the AI Economy / 2312.14565 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.14565 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
V. Discussion


Autonomous Threat Hunting: A Future Paradigm for AI-Driven Threat Intelligence / 2401.00286 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.00286 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2. Foundations of AI-driven threat intelligence


Synthetic Data in AI: Challenges, Applications, and Ethical Implications / 2401.01629 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.01629 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


Unmasking Bias in AI: A Systematic Review of Bias Detection and Mitigation Strategies in Electronic Health Record-based Models / 2310.19917 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.19917 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Results


Enabling Global Image Data Sharing in the Life Sciences / 2401.13023 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.13023 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1. Motivation for White Paper
2. Background
3. Use cases representing different image data types and their challenges and status for sharing
4. Towards global image data sharing
Towards Global Image Data Sharing: A to-do list for various stakeholders


Beyond principlism: Practical strategies for ethical AI use in research practices / 2401.15284 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.15284 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Five specific goals and action-guiding strategies for ethical AI use in research practices


A Scoping Study of Evaluation Practices for Responsible AI Tools: Steps Towards Effectiveness Evaluations / 2401.17486 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.17486 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6 Limitations
References


Detecting Multimedia Generated by Large AI Models: A Survey / 2402.00045 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.00045 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Detection


Responsible developments and networking research: a reflection beyond a paper ethical statement / 2402.00442 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.00442 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Beyond technical dimensions


(A)I Am Not a Lawyer, But...: Engaging Legal Experts towards Responsible LLM Policies for Legal Advice / 2402.01864 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.01864 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


Face Recognition: to Deploy or not to Deploy? A Framework for Assessing the Proportional Use of Face Recognition Systems in Real-World Scenarios / 2402.05731 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.05731 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3. Intervention models from other fields
4. Proposed framework
7. Conclusions and future work


Ethics in AI through the Practitioner's View: A Grounded Theory Literature Review / 2206.09514 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.09514 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Findings


How do machines learn? Evaluating the AIcon2abs method / 2401.07386 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.07386 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3. AIcon2abs Instructional Unit


Taking Training Seriously: Human Guidance and Management-Based Regulation of Artificial Intelligence / 2402.08466 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.08466 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Techniques of Human-Guided Training


User Modeling and User Profiling: A Comprehensive Survey / 2402.09660 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.09660 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


Inadequacies of Large Language Model Benchmarks in the Era of Generative Artificial Intelligence / 2402.09880 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.09880 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
VII. Discussions


Evolving AI Collectives to Enhance Human Diversity and Enable Self-Regulation / 2402.12590 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.12590 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3. Enhanced Performance of Free-Formed AI Collectives


Autonomous Vehicles: Evolution of Artificial Intelligence and Learning Algorithms / 2402.17690 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.17690 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
VI. AI and Learning Algorithms Statistics for Autonomous Vehicles
Authors


Guidelines for Integrating Value Sensitive Design in Responsible AI Toolkits / 2403.00145 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.00145 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Discussion


Towards an AI-Enhanced Cyber Threat Intelligence Processing Pipeline / 2403.03265 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.03265 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. The AI-Enhanced CTI Processing Pipeline


Worldwide AI Ethics: a review of 200 guidelines and recommendations for AI governance / 2206.11922 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2206.11922 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


AGI Artificial General Intelligence for Education / 2304.12479 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.12479 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4. Ethical Issues and Concerns


Responsible Artificial Intelligence: A Structured Literature Review / 2403.06910 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.06910 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


Towards a Privacy and Security-Aware Framework for Ethical AI: Guiding the Development and Assessment of AI Systems / 2403.08624 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.08624 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Results of the Systematic Literature Review


Trust in AI: Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions / 2403.14680 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.14680 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4. Discussion


Safeguarding Marketing Research: The Generation, Identification, and Mitigation of AI-Fabricated Disinformation / 2403.14706 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.14706 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Results


The Journey to Trustworthy AI- Part 1 Pursuit of Pragmatic Frameworks / 2403.15457 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.15457 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Complexities and Challenges
5 Risk
A Appendix


The Pursuit of Fairness in Artificial Intelligence Models A Survey / 2403.17333 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2403.17333 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Ways to mitigate bias and promote Fairness
6 How Users can be affected by unfair ML Systems


AI Act and Large Language Models (LLMs): When critical issues and privacy impact require human and ethical oversight / 2404.00600 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.00600 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5. Human Oversight
9. References


Exploring the Nexus of Large Language Models and Legal Systems: A Short Survey / 2404.00990 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.00990 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction
References


AI Alignment: A Comprehensive Survey / 2310.19852 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.19852 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Learning under Distribution Shift
5 Governance
References


PoliTune: Analyzing the Impact of Data Selection and Fine-Tuning on Economic and Political Biases in Large Language Models / 2404.08699 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.08699 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Background and Related Work


Modeling Emotions and Ethics with Large Language Models / 2404.13071 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13071 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Concluding Remarks
Appendix A


A Practical Multilevel Governance Framework for Autonomous and Intelligent Systems / 2404.13719 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.13719 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. A Practical Multilevel Governance Framework for AIs


Towards an Ethical and Inclusive Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Organizations: A Multidimensional Framework / 2405.01697 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.01697 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 How can organizations participate


AI-Powered Autonomous Weapons Risk Geopolitical Instability and Threaten AI Research / 2405.01859 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.01859 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


Responsible AI: Portraits with Intelligent Bibliometrics / 2405.02846 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.02846 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. Data and Methodology
IV. Bibliometric Portraits of Responsible AI


A Fourth Wave of Open Data? Exploring the Spectrum of Scenarios for Open Data and Generative AI / 2405.04333 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.04333 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3. A Spectrum of Scenarios of Open Data for Generative AI


Guiding the Way: A Comprehensive Examination of AI Guidelines in Global Media / 2405.04706 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.04706 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Framework
3 Data and Methods
4 Results
5 Discussion and conclusions


Trustworthy AI-Generative Content in Intelligent 6G Network: Adversarial, Privacy, and Fairness / 2405.05930 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.05930 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
VII. Challenges and Future Research Directions


Redefining Qualitative Analysis in the AI Era: Utilizing ChatGPT for Efficient Thematic Analysis / 2309.10771 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.10771 / on (web) Publishing site
4 Users’ Experiences and Challenges with ChatGPT
8 Limitations and Future Work


Not My Voice! A Taxonomy of Ethical and Safety Harms of Speech Generators / 2402.01708 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.01708 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6 Taxonomy of Harms


A scoping review of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to investigate Electronic Health Records (EHRs) / 2405.03066 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.03066 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Results


Using ChatGPT for Thematic Analysis / 2405.08828 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.08828 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Validation Using Topic Modeling


Cyber Risks of Machine Translation Critical Errors : Arabic Mental Health Tweets as a Case Study / 2405.11668 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.11668 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2.MT Critical Errors
6. Conclusion
7. Bibliographical References


The Future of Child Development in the AI Era. Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives Between AI and Child Development Experts / 2405.19275 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.19275 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1. Introduction


Using Large Language Models for Humanitarian Frontline Negotiation: Opportunities and Considerations / 2405.20195 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.20195 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5. Interview Results: Opportunities and Concerns of Using LLMs in the Frontline


Responsible AI for Earth Observation / 2405.20868 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.20868 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Maintaining Scientific Excellence, Open Data, and Guiding AI Usage Based on Ethical Principles in EO
6 AI&EO for Social Good
7 Responsible AI Integration in Business Innovation and Sustainability
References


Gender Bias Detection in Court Decisions: A Brazilian Case Study / 2406.00393 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.00393 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Framework


Promoting Fairness and Diversity in Speech Datasets for Mental Health and Neurological Disorders Research / 2406.04116 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.04116 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4. Desiderata


Can Prompt Modifiers Control Bias? A Comparative Analysis of Text-to-Image Generative Models / 2406.05602 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Abstract
References


An Empirical Design Justice Approach to Identifying Ethical Considerations in the Intersection of Large Language Models and Social Robotics / 2406.06400 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.06400 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Methodology


Global AI Governance in Healthcare: A Cross-Jurisdictional Regulatory Analysis / 2406.08695 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.08695 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Abstract
2 Related Work
4 Global Regulatory Landscape of AI
6 Results and Conclusion
References


Federated Learning driven Large Language Models for Swarm Intelligence: A Survey / 2406.09831 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.09831 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
II. Foundations and Integration of SI and LLM


Current state of LLM Risks and AI Guardrails / 2406.12934 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.12934 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction


A Survey on Privacy Attacks Against Digital Twin Systems in AI-Robotics / 2406.18812 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.18812 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. ATTACKS ON DT-INTEGRATED AI ROBOTS


A Blueprint for Auditing Generative AI / 2407.05338 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.05338 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6 Application audits


Challenges and Best Practices in Corporate AI Governance:Lessons from the Biopharmaceutical Industry / 2407.05339 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.05339 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Practical implementation challenges | What to be prepared for?
4 Discussion | Best practices and lessons learned


Operationalising AI governance through ethics-based auditing: An industry case study / 2407.06232 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6. Lessons learned from AstraZeneca’s 2021 AI audit


Bridging the Global Divide in AI Regulation: A Proposal for a Contextual, Coherent, and Commensurable Framework / 2303.11196 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.11196 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
IV. Proposing an Alternative 3C Framework


Past, Present, and Future: A Survey of The Evolution of Affective Robotics For Well-being / 2407.02957 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.02957 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
V. 10 Years of Affectivbe Robotics


Generative AI for Health Technology Assessment: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Considerations / 2407.11054 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.11054 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Policy landscape


Thorns and Algorithms: Navigating Generative AI Challenges Inspired by Giraffes and Acacias / 2407.11360 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.11360 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Generative AI and Humans: Risks and Mitigation


Assurance of AI Systems From a Dependability Perspective / 2407.13948 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.13948 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction: Assurance for Traditional Systems


Open Artificial Knowledge / 2407.14371 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.14371 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Appendices


Mapping the individual, social, and biospheric impacts of Foundation Models / 2407.17129 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.17129 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Mapping Individual, Social, and Biospheric Impacts of Foundation Models


Deepfake Media Forensics: State of the Art and Challenges Ahead / 2408.00388 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.00388 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2. Deepfake Detection
References


AI for All: Identifying AI incidents Related to Diversity and Inclusion / 2408.01438 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.01438 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6 Threats to Validity


Surveys Considered Harmful? Reflecting on the Use of Surveys in AI Research, Development, and Governance / 2408.01458 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.01458 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Methods
4 Large-Scale Surveys of AI in the Literature
5 Discussion
B Additional Materials for Pilot Survey


Improving Large Language Model (LLM) fidelity through context-aware grounding: A systematic approach to reliability and veracity / 2408.04023 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.04023 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3. Proposed framework


Criticizing Ethics According to Artificial Intelligence / 2408.04609 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.04609 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Investigating fundamental normative issues


VersusDebias: Universal Zero-Shot Debiasing for Text-to-Image Models via SLM-Based Prompt Engineering and Generative Adversary / 2407.19524 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2407.19524 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Appendices


Visualization Atlases: Explaining and Exploring Complex Topics through Data, Visualization, and Narration / 2408.07483 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.07483 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6 Key Characteristics of Visualization Atlases


Don't Kill the Baby: The Case for AI in Arbitration / 2408.11608 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.11608 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Introduction
1. What is AI
2. Let AI Grow Under Favorable Conditions: Avoiding Overly Moralistic Views


The Problems with Proxies: Making Data Work Visible through Requester Practices / 2408.11667 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.11667 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Findings


Promises and challenges of generative artificial intelligence for human learning / 2408.12143 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.12143 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


Catalog of General Ethical Requirements for AI Certification / 2408.12289 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.12289 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
7 Privacy and Data Protection (P)
9 Sustainability (SU)


Has Multimodal Learning Delivered Universal Intelligence in Healthcare? A Comprehensive Survey / 2408.12880 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.12880 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Multimodal Medical Studies
4 Contrastice Foundation Models (CFMs)
5 Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs)
References
Appendix


What Is Required for Empathic AI? It Depends, and Why That Matters for AI Developers and Users / 2408.15354 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.15354 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
“Fine cuts” of Empathy: Capabilities and Distinctions under the Empathy Umbrella


Trustworthy and Responsible AI for Human-Centric Autonomous Decision-Making Systems / 2408.15550 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.15550 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Biases
6 Open Challenges
7 Guidelines and Recommendations


AI Governance in Higher Education: Case Studies of Guidance at Big Ten Universities / 2409.02017 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.02017 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Background
References


Preliminary Insights on Industry Practices for Addressing Fairness Debt / 2409.02432 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.02432 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Findings


Artificial intelligence to advance Earth observation: : A review of models, recent trends, and pathways forward / 2305.08413 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2305.08413 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Part III Communicating - Machine-user interaction, trustworthiness & ethics 6 User-centric Earth observation
7 Earth observation and society: the growing relevance of ethics


Why business adoption of quantum and AI technology must be ethical / 2312.10081 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.10081 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Argument by regulatory relevance


Data-Centric Foundation Models in Computational Healthcare: A Survey / 2401.02458 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.02458 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
6 Data Annotation
8 Performance Evaluation


Recent Advances in Hate Speech Moderation: Multimodality and the Role of Large Models / 2401.16727 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.16727 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction
5 Future Directions


Large language models as linguistic simulators and cognitive models in human research / 2402.04470 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.04470 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Six fallacies that misinterpret language models


Navigating LLM Ethics: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions / 2406.18841 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.18841 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
V. Discussion


Improving governance outcomes through AI documentation: Bridging theory and practice / 2409.08960 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.08960 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Results


ValueCompass: A Framework of Fundamental Values for Human-AI Alignment / 2409.09586 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.09586 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5 Findings with ValueCompass: The Status Quo of Human-AI Value Alignment


Beyond Algorithmic Fairness: A Guide to Develop and Deploy Ethical AI-Enabled Decision-Support Tools / 2409.11489 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.11489 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Case Studies in AI-Enabled Optimization


XTRUST: On the Multilingual Trustworthiness of Large Language Models / 2409.15762 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.15762 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction


Artificial Human Intelligence: The role of Humans in the Development of Next Generation AI / 2409.16001 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.16001 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Origins and the Path leading to AHI
4 Brain-inspired Information processing
5 Challenges and Perspectives in Human-Level AI Development


Ethical and Scalable Automation: A Governance and Compliance Framework for Business Applications / 2409.16872 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.16872 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5. Analysis and Discussion


Safety challenges of AI in medicine / 2409.18968 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.18968 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Inherent problems of AI related to medicine


Enhancing transparency in AI-powered customer engagement / 2410.01809 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.01809 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Explaining AI-Powered Decision Making in Customer Engagement


Clinnova Federated Learning Proof of Concept: Key Takeaways from a Cross-border Collaboration / 2410.02443 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.02443 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
I. Introduction
II. Motivation
VIII. Discussion and Conclusions
References


AI-Press: A Multi-Agent News Generating and Feedback Simulation System Powered by Large Language Models / 2410.07561 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.07561 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Appendices


The Design Space of in-IDE Human-AI Experience / 2410.08676 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.08676 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
IV. Results
V. Discussion


Towards Automated Penetration Testing: Introducing LLM Benchmark, Analysis, and Improvements / 2410.17141 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.17141 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Benchmark


The Cat and Mouse Game: The Ongoing Arms Race Between Diffusion Models and Detection Methods / 2410.18866 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.18866 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
II. Fundamentals of Diffusion Models and Detection Challenges
III. Detection Methods Based on Image Analysis


The Trap of Presumed Equivalence: Artificial General Intelligence Should Not Be Assessed on the Scale of Human Intelligence / 2410.21296 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.21296 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Free Evolution, The Imperative and Intent


Moral Agency in Silico: Exploring Free Will in Large Language Models / 2410.23310 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.23310 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Discussion


Using Large Language Models for a standard assessment mapping for sustainable communities / 2411.00208 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.00208 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Literature Review
6 FutureDirections
References


Examining Human-AI Collaboration for Co-Writing Constructive Comments Online / 2411.03295 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.03295 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Related Work
5 Discussion


A Comprehensive Review of Multimodal XR Applications, Risks, and Ethical Challenges in the Metaverse / 2411.04508 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.04508 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
5. General Discussion


I Always Felt that Something Was Wrong.: Understanding Compliance Risks and Mitigation Strategies when Professionals Use Large Language Models / 2411.04576 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.04576 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3 Method: Semi-structured Interviews
4 Findings


Navigating the Cultural Kaleidoscope: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Sensitivity in Large Language Models / 2410.12880 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.12880 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Appendices


How should AI decisions be explained? Requirements for Explanations from the Perspective of European Law / 2404.12762 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2404.12762 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction


Nteasee: A mixed methods study of expert and general population perspectives on deploying AI for health in African countries / 2409.12197 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.12197 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction
3 Results


Large-scale moral machine experiment on large language models / 2411.06790 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.06790 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Results
Discussion


Collaborative Participatory Research with LLM Agents in South Asia: An Empirically-Grounded Methodological Initiative and Agenda from Field Evidence in Sri Lanka / 2411.08294 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.08294 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Why South Asia Needs This Now
4 Field Work and Implementation Insights
5 Discussion and Future Agenda


Programming with AI: Evaluating ChatGPT, Gemini, AlphaCode, and GitHub Copilot for Programmers / 2411.09224 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.09224 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Related Work


Bias in Large Language Models: Origin, Evaluation, and Mitigation / 2411.10915 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.10915 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
3. Extrinsic Bias


Framework for developing and evaluating ethical collaboration between expert and machine / 2411.10983 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.10983 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References


Privacy-Preserving Video Anomaly Detection: A Survey / 2411.14565 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.14565 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
I. Introduction
III. P2VAD with non -Identifiable Elements
References


Advancing Transformative Education: Generative AI as a Catalyst for Equity and Innovation / 2411.15971 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.15971 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Findings and Discussion
6 Ethical Implications of Generative AI in Education
7 Long-Term Implications of Generative AI Integration
8 Global Trends in AI-Driven Education
9 Future Work
10 Proposed Policy Recommendations


Human-centred test and evaluation of military AI / 2412.01978 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.01978 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Full Summary


From Principles to Practice: A Deep Dive into AI Ethics and Regulations / 2412.04683 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.04683 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1 Introduction
3 How to design regulation-compliant systems: the synergies and conflicts


Political-LLM: Large Language Models in Political Science / 2412.06864 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.06864 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Classical Political Science Functions and Modern Transformations
5 Technical Foundations for LLM Applications in Political Science
6 Future Directions & Challenges


Digital Democracy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence / 2412.07791 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.07791 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4. Representation: Digital and AI Technologies in Modern Electoral Processes
References


Bias in Large Language Models: Origin, Evaluation, and Mitigation / 2411.10915 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.10915 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Appendices


Reviewing Intelligent Cinematography: AI research for camera-based video production / 2405.05039 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.05039 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Technical Background
3 Intelligent Cinematography in Production
References


Shaping AI's Impact on Billions of Lives / 2412.02730 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.02730 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Introduction
Appendices


AI Ethics in Smart Homes: Progress, User Requirements and Challenges / 2412.09813 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.09813 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Background


On Large Language Models in Mission-Critical IT Governance: Are We Ready Yet? / 2412.11698 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.11698 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. Results
IV. Discussions


Responsible AI Governance: A Response to UN Interim Report on Governing AI for Humanity / 2412.12108 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.12108 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
Executive Summary
Our Response


Clio: Privacy-Preserving Insights into Real-World AI Use / 2412.13678 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.13678 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 High-level design of Clio


Towards Friendly AI: A Comprehensive Review and New Perspectives on Human-AI Alignment / 2412.15114 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.15114 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
IV. Applications
V. Challenges and Suggestions


Autonomous Vehicle Security: A Deep Dive into Threat Modeling / 2412.15348 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.15348 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. Autonomous Vehicle Cybersecurirty Attacks


Navigating AI to Unpack Youth Privacy Concerns: An In-Depth Exploration and Systematic Review / 2412.16369 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.16369 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. Results
IV. Discussion


Ethics and Technical Aspects of Generative AI Models in Digital Content Creation / 2412.16389 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.16389 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2 Literature Review


Large Language Model Safety: A Holistic Survey / 2412.17686 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.17686 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
10 Governance
11 Challenges and Future Directions


Generative AI and LLMs in Industry: A text-mining Analysis and Critical Evaluation of Guidelines and Policy Statements Across Fourteen Industrial Sectors / 2501.00957 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.00957 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
II. Methodology


INFELM: In-depth Fairness Evaluation of Large Text-To-Image Models / 2501.01973 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.01973 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
4 Method
5 Experiments & Results


Curious, Critical Thinker, Empathetic, and Ethically Responsible: Essential Soft Skills for Data Scientists in Software Engineering / 2501.02088 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.02088 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
III. Method
V. Discussions
VI. Conclusion


Human-centered Geospatial Data Science / 2501.05595 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.05595 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
2. Understanding Human Experiences
3. Prioritize Human Values with Ethical Discussions and Practices
References


Datasheets for Healthcare AI: A Framework for Transparency and Bias Mitigation / 2501.05617 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.05617 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
1. Introduction
5. Conclusion & Future Work


Concerns and Values in Human-Robot Interactions: A Focus on Social Robotics / 2501.05628 / ISBN:https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.05628 / Published by ArXiv / on (web) Publishing site
References
Appendices